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In Hindu philosophy, Brahman is the ultimate, unchanging reality that underpins and transcends the universe. Brahman as God is held to be the Ultimate Reality which is the core concept of Vaishnava belief. Unlike personal deities with specific attributes and forms, Brahman is an abstract, formless, and infinite concept representing the essence of all existence.

Definition and Characteristics

Brahman is central to various schools of Hindu thought, particularly Advaita Vedanta, a non-dualistic tradition. In this view, Brahman is the singular, absolute reality, beyond the limitations of time, space, and individuality. It is described as *Sat-Chit-Ananda*—being, consciousness, and bliss—emphasizing that Brahman encompasses all aspects of reality in its purest form.

Brahman is often perceived as impersonal and formless, transcending all specific attributes. It is not confined to any particular deity or image but is the source and essence of everything. This universal principle is beyond comprehension and description, yet it is the underlying reality of all existence.

Philosophical Significance

In the Advaita Vedanta tradition, Brahman is synonymous with the true self, or *Atman*. The realization of one's own self as Brahman is the ultimate goal of spiritual practice. According to this philosophy, the apparent diversity and multiplicity of the world are illusions (*Maya*) that obscure the true, unified nature of Brahman. Liberation, or *Moksha*, is achieved through the realization of this fundamental unity, leading to freedom from the cycle of birth and rebirth (*Samsara*).

Brahman in Other Traditions

While Advaita Vedanta emphasizes the impersonal aspect of Brahman, other Hindu traditions incorporate Brahman into a more personal framework. In these contexts, Brahman is sometimes associated with the trimurti (trinity) of Brahma the creator, Vishnu the preserver, and Shiva the destroyer, or is manifested in various forms of deities representing different aspects of divine reality.

Conclusion

Brahman represents the profound, all-encompassing reality in Hinduism, transcending all forms and concepts. It is the ultimate truth and the essence of all existence, guiding followers toward a deeper understanding of the universe and the self. Through the pursuit of spiritual knowledge and realization, individuals seek to connect with this ultimate reality, experiencing unity with the divine.