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In the http://riojuntas.com project we looked a lot into hydrophonics/fish combination and the size a dome needs to have to allow a family to grow all its own food inside during years. It looks feasible to fit such a project into a dome of just 12m diameter.
Around 2012 we where also approached a lot by people from the “prepper movement” who wanted underearth dome structures to survive appocalipse. They do a lot of investigation in that field. The general greement is that the area of “land” (in the sense of a field) necessary is cero. Any food including a T-bone steak can be grown with cell culture in a glass box skipping the (today obsolete) way over a living cow. The limiting factor has always been sunlight necessary for plant growth. But this has been solved in the last 5 years with the development of diode lights for agriculture that outperform sunlight in plant growth. So no greenhouse with glass is needed anymore either. From todays technology perspective it looks feasible to pack a family and a windowless greenhouse into a 12m dome under earth or in the middle of the ocean underwater and run it for years with no interchange with the outside world in the sense of a 100% closed cycle “biosphere experiment”. (This also includes a closed respiration cycle with algea ). The only element needed from outside is energy. The development of the human population on our planet (6 billion) requires a 100% recicled sistem to attend all human needs without alterating nature take nothing from it drop nothing into it within a few decades as a survival need. This means that traditional agriculture can not do the job of feeding people anyhow, not drop in nature includes things like “fertilizer” and “pestizide” and “not take” includes “farmland”. (the cut back of those three are key factors in species extincion and climate trouble)

Read more:

Get a foothold in ocean colonization:

http://concretesubmarine.activeboard.com/t49529137/oceanic-frontier-develpment-investment-foothold-in-ocean-col/

The Captain Nemo Lifestyle:

http://concretesubmarine.activeboard.com/t43942461/the-captain-nemo-float-out-seasteading/

Why oceanic business is the next big thing to come:

http://concretesubmarine.activeboard.com/t56680633/the-reasons-why-oceanic-business-is-the-next-big-thing-to-co/

Ocean sphere fish farming:

http://concretesubmarine.activeboard.com/t55433095/ocean-sphere-the-next-wave-of-sustainable-fish-farming/

Ocean colonization gallery:

http://imulead.com/tolimared/concretesubmarine/picturegallery/concept/

So basicly you can build a 100% recycling sistem into a concrete shell that encloses the space volume of a family house no “fields” and no “greenhouse glass installations” are necessary any longer with the technology of today.

Probably the whole concept of “farmland” and “field” needs to be dropped to the basket of “ancient history” to be replaced by a eco concept of “not touch and alter anything” in nature. We need to see our blue planet as a spaceship on a 100% recycle sistem – climate change and species extinction is rivets popping out of the life support sistem. If we want to travel safe we need to get familiar with 100% recicled processes for human needs.

The future of humanity will include the oceans (they count for 99% of the living space available on spaceship earth) but it can not include traditional agriculture to feed billions of people…we will probably not float farms on large scale ever…