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It is smart  to build a structure that has a part desigend to deal with waves in the first place. This would be a ramform.

In fact there is no particular good reason to arrange your building material in rare geometric shapes when you can have a shape that gives you better  mobility and better stability at the same cost per squaremeter.

Wave response is most of all a question of size. If the structure is big compared to the wave it will tend to not be moved by the wave. If the structure is small compared with the wave it will be tracking the wave.

Rolling can be avoided by making the hull flat with wide beam.

For all practical purpose this means that structures of below 100m size will still tend to track waves that occur on the open ocean although structures with 100m plus LOA and more than 40m beam have proven to be suitable for long term accomodation.

Smaller structures like cruiseships with 30m beam need dynamic stabilisation and careful choice of routes and good weather windows to keep the coffee cups on the table and all passengers vomit free.

The panorama for island seasteads is therefore : either you go as big as Nkossa or Ramform Banff as a minimum - or you are doomed to protected waterspace only, to achive long term living quality on board.

The only concept i can think of that can keep the coffe cup on the table in open ocean although it is signifficanly smaller than the waves is a submerged concept.

Nkossa, Beam 40m, Ramform Banff - Loa 120m / beam 53m - existing open ocean surface accomodation - not tracking waves.

Submarine - open ocean accomodation is not tracking the waves although the structure is signifficantly smaller than the waves - this opens path for single family accomodation in individual form - a concept that has not yet been explored.

"Small seasteads" for Seasteading.org start with 100 inhabitants according to the engineering report. A start up project with 100 individuals living on a single structure big enough to NOT track waves in a cellblock ambient, paying 5000 USD/ squaremeter constructuion cost. seems a goal hard to achive.

The oceanic city - so big that ANY wave is small compared to the structure size. The oceanic city allows a come together of all concepts, ship, yacht, floating island, submarine, .... This is obviously where we all go at the end. The interesting question is how do we start? - What is the smartest first step?

 Wil

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