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These proposed concrete structures for dampening massive ocean waves caught my eye! Reminds me of another rigid "seabreak" I've been happily harnessing lately to tame some pretty sizable swells of my own, if you catch my oceanic drift. I'm talking about this groundbreaking new Penis Pump 2-in-1 penis pump and stroker!
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Altough i see a big value in Biorock for increasing the bio compatibility of a floating structure by converting the structure in something that resembles a natural reef in a secondary process. Aquaculture will be a business field on a floating island, attracting fish to a artificial reef may be part of it...
There is no doubth that there are hundreds of methods you can use to build someting that floats and breaks the waves. The key issue is that the structure must be big compared to the wave it breaks - as we know now oceanic waves (draupner wave) can reach 30m height which means that a 200 m ship is still quite small compared to it - as the example of the Bremen and the Caledonean Star - both hit by such waves - shows even a ship of that size will be burried completly by such a wave and be broken by the wave instead of breaking the wave.
So for a effcient sea break you need to exceed the size of a huge ship considerably. To build it you need a awful amount of material - there is a good reason why rebar mesh and foam are only used in builds where the material quantity is low - nobody builds something out of foam meshwire and other composite materials that exceeds 10m size - it would just be too expensive and to tedious in material handling.
Big structures like cities are never built out of "exotic materials" they are built out of concrete which is a relativly economic and easy handling material. Even so housing cost in City centers is more than average people can afford.
Nobody could afford the squaremeter prices of a apartment built on a floating island of hundreds of thousands of tons of meshwire foam and biorock.
The key factor is / cost per ton / - if biorock would bring up a competitive figure breakwaters and harbor installations would be built out of biorock by now - it is out there for several decades.
A good starting point would be to realize that people can afford living in concrete honeycomb and shell structures on land right now. It is also clear that concrete honeycomb and shell structures can float maintenance free on the ocean for at least 200 years which gives them "real estate endurance quality" - on contrary to steel structures that will sink after a single decade of no maintenance.
Evolution is always taking what is there right now and develop it a step further - so what we can expect in the next decade is that our coastal cities will grow out to sea in floating marina like developments - still using the same building materials usual right now - basicly concrete adapted to marine requirements.
A reef that would dampen large waves may need to be of great volume and mass but most of the building materials are present in the seawater. I am talking about biorock, or the method of using electrolysis to accrete minerals onto a wire form. Here is a wiki page on it
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biorock
The electrical needs are rather small, and can be powered by on site wind turbines. Foamed concrete floats could be encased in a wire or rebar mesh, then weighted down so they would float just below the surface. Once the accretion is finished one has a sturdy, buoyant platform. One could build a large lily pad type of structure. It could start out small but grow out in a spiral pattern, mimicking the form of a conch shell. This biorock is as strong as and even stronger than concrete and cracks can be "healed" by turning on the electricity again. I would think that in order to be very effective against waves, a breakwater would be better if it is actually an upside down cone, filled with seawater. The waves will then be dampened not only by the mass of the breakwater, but by the mass of the water inside.
How about building something that can grow. I am thinking about the conch shell, the top part, turned upside down. It is a spiral. One could start out with a cellular concrete structure that grows in the shape of a spiral. It would "grow" as it is added to in construction. I have seen videos of 3D constructed concrete houses. http://news.yahoo.com/blogs/sideshow/3d-printer-could-build-house-20-hours-224156687.html Perhaps the concrete cells could be built this way, using a giant 3D printing machine. It could build the bottom and wall of the cells with all of the rebar components, then fill the cells with foamed concrete, then seal them with the top layer, then start another layer of cells. So as the spiral gets larger and larger, forming an inverted cone shape, it sinks down deeper into the water. Perhaps the center could be filled with fresh water, creating ballast. At some point the cone shape can be flattened out to create more of a lilly pad form. This would start out small, but as it grew larger and larger it would become ever more resistant to waves. At some point is would become incredibly large. The advantage here would be that it is one large structure, a spiral "depth scraper". The material it is made out of is buoyant and can be tethered to the ocean floor , acting like a giant spar buoy.
The stern part of a Ramform island could look similar to that...
. . .
It features a protected stern harbor as suggested in the ice island - but other than the ice island it must be made of more suitable material - like concrete shell and concrete honeycomb construction techniques.
The 370 foot floating resort of this picture was made of steel - but obviously taking it out of the water in a drydock every 10 months for gritblasting and repaint - must be a maintenance cost nightmare.
Only merchant ships that produce money on a dayly base can afford such high maintenance cost solutions. Floating islands can not - the cost of squaremeter living space per month becomes astronomic.
Floating Paradise was offered for sale for US$ 30,000,000 in Florida...
I would not use the term seasteading as it was geared to a political dimension that has nothing to do with the technical challange of ocean colonization. I am not interested in politics. So lets talk about ocean colonization.
The platform size is not driven by a choice of options but by project budgets available. It is not feasible to build something city sized in a single project. Even Palm Dubai was split in smaller sandbanks sold to different owners in the sense of a real estate development. So the option to build a very large ramform that exceeds Ramform Banff which has the world biggest finance muscle (oil/gas) is just not on the table - exept in phantasy land.
It might be that you can start with a small ramform and make it grow in size just the way land cities grow. They start with 5 trailers in the outback and become a city two centuries later.
Like a land based city is a "loose accumulation of housing units", a sea based city will be a loose accumulation of housing units too. The size of the housing units (apartments) is not driven by the owners choice it its driven by the owners financial means. Using concrete shell and honeycomb structures (just as we do on land to house people) we will get more or less the same cost per squaremeter for floating housing developments as we have for land based housing developments. The size of the average base unit will be compareable too - it will be "apartment size".
Like on land there will be independent units (houses) in the suburbs and accumulated units (a couple of dozends) in a building in the settlement centers - the maximum size of those accumulations will be the size of a building or its aquatic equivalent a cruiseship. Bigger units will have difficulties to sell to the housing market due to the same practical problems in the "condo administration" that we experiment in land settlements too.
The way several units will be linked together will not be very different from how oil platforms work in close proximity without colliding - the base solution will be tendon anchors and spread moorings. We will also see "train like" configurations sharing a single mooring.
Like in todays oil/gas industry the mooring cost is only 10% of the project cost .
We will see single family units in protected waterspaces first - we see them already - as houseboats, and yachts. This will grow gradually out of the bays to more open water as prices per housing unit come down from millionair toy segment to general public. Key to come to this price reduction is a go away from resin and carbon fiber for yacht look to concrete and normal housing look and cost.
The experience with Ramform Banff and similar structures shows that a surface float can only stand allone in open ocean and maintain a housing comfort level when it exceeds 100m in size. This minimum size requirement is a problem for a single family unit.
So smaller single family units may go for submerged to circumnvigate the size requirement in the sense of the "bubble housing unit" or the globally mobile "captain nemo float out".
For adventure minded individuals small ramforms the size of Kon Tiki can be used to cross an ocean - but draupner events will stay a safety risk for such a small sized platforms in open ocean.
The minimum size for a permanent human settlement in a desertic spot in the middle of nowhere (Saya de Malha Bank) is probably best expressed by the development of LAS VEGAS it was first built on maf money on purpose in the middle of nowhere in the desert - then grew to polulation center size and now creates its own business ambient and livng quality, a spot of population gravity independet of its (non existing) surrounding. It is feed by money that flys in, by water and electricity that comes from the hoover dam.
For a semi-permanent settlement based on aquaculture - the size, work, and business model, of a fishing factory ship will probably apply to Saya de Malha.
Settlement is always driven by the business model - agriculture settlement, mining settlement, tourism development.
The whole idea to settle on a seamount to reduce mooring cost is a bad one - you save 3% of the project cost for "having a shorter anchor line" but you cut yourself from all possible business options due to a impossible location - a really bad trade - compared to floating in a bay near a city center.
The simple business of creating real estate squaremeters where there have been non - will create a sufficient income to power the development of a floating city extention near a shoreside city center.
Consider the asian floating markets as a model. It is more a come together of all kind of floating structures in a business purpose than a "single rigid piece of designed engineering" in the sense of clubstead.
There is no merit in a lengthy "design A versus design B" discussion - the design follows the function in the end.
The wooden boat with the improvised outboard motor is a great design to take your melons to the market in asia.
A big ramform could create a space in the stern section that host a calm water space where boats interact in form of a floating market.
It could have marina or harbor function. It could have warehouse function, seafood cooling function, factory ship function, etc...
All depends on local needs and business opportunities.
-- Edited by admin on Saturday 14th of April 2012 02:46:49 PM
For a seastead, do you believe it would be cheaper to:
build dozens of small ramform platform, and attach to individual turret-moors in the same general area
or, build a single very large ramform platform with a single turret-moor?
or, a combination of large and small ramform platforms
What do you think the minimum size of a ramform vessel would need to be to be permanently located at, for example, Saya de Malha Bank near East Africa?
Large waves are brought up by the global wind sistems which basicly never change direction at least not in a timeframe of hours or days - maybe seasonal - a sudden wind and wave direction change offshore would be a almost impossible event. When changes happen it will be very gradual and allow the structure to follow the change. The building up of big waves needs time - much more time than the structure will need to turn around to point into the new wind direction.
Freak waves stick out due to their SIZE that can be several times higher and steeper than all the other waves - but they do not come from a different direction.
Tsunami waves built up by seismic events are completly inperceptibe in open water due to their big wavelength so they would not damage the structure no matter from what direction they come.
A ramform would stay with the bow in wind and wave direction when moored and therefore have no engine need nor need to spin around ... a wavehit somewhere else than the bow is very unlikley. This is not the case in a ship as the ships course depend on a transport shedule and can cross wind/wave direction.
We would talk about a turret mooring sistems like in a modern FPSO and FSO
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FPSO and FSO systems today have become the primary method for many offshore oil and gas producing regions around the world.
An FPSO (Floating Production Storage and Offloading) is a floating production system that receives fluids (crude oil, water and a host of other things) from a subsea reservoir. Most FPSOs are ship-shaped and are 'anchored' (moored) by a turret. The type of turret used is determined by the environment of the FPSO. In calmer waters spread mooring is often sufficient. In environments where cyclones or hurricanes occur disconnectable mooring systems are used so that the vessel can be taken out of the storm's way and replaced when the storm has passed.
A ramform is excellent when the wave is coming directly to bow. But what happens if it hits the stern? Can the ramform be spun around 180 deg in time for any of these monster waves?
Since that kind of evidenc is showing up - naval engineers around the globe are in panic - non of the current worldwide vessel standards and building codes is not even remotly up to the structural challanges that the existance of such waves impose...
Ships can avoid certain sea areas and circumnavegate storms - a floating island will have to deal with that kind of conditions - for good or for bad - at some moment during its 200 year service lifespan...
The good news is that a ship taking such a wave over the bow although taking some damage can survive.
The "Caledonian Star" and the "Bremen" both survived taking the impact over the bow.
So we should have a bow as a safety feature on a seastead. A Ramform would be up to the task.
- read more about the ramform and handling waves with a bow here:
The general setup of that video - a surfer with his jet sky tow partner, a helicopter in the air filming it - suggests that this is just a normal surf day with outstanding conditions - nothing near the real freak size encountered by the ships Caledonian Star and Bremen in the Antarctic ocean. According to the Captain of the Caledonian Star this wave was so big that it made the ship surfing down in a 45 degree angle in a hole that opened just before the crest. When he was in the valley he could not even see the wavecrest from the bridge of his ship - so high was that monster. read here..
Pie, on a mega scale there is a lot of things you could do for creating a breakwater lagoon - natural reefs are doing exactly that. They are submerged but they will not let pass big waves. The problem stays the same. To build something that interacts with big ocean waves no matter what the shape or nature of the building is - the amount of building material is always enormous - we are talking of many thousands of tons - so there is no way to start it small scale.
The smallest size for a shipstead that gives a reasonable comfort level in most seastates is the Ramform Banff. It was built for being stationary at sea and work as as stationary load terminal. The wide beam avoids rolling movements - the ship bow allows a reasonable wave handling. The broad stern a calm water docking area.
Interesting--but how can wave shoaling be used to help seasteading? If the depth to the ocean bottom doesn't change drastically, then how would the wave heights change?
Are you thinking of creating an artificial ocean bottom in order to limit the wave heights?
In fluid dynamics, wave shoaling is the effect by which surface waves entering shallower water increase in wave height (which is about twice the amplitude). It is caused by the fact that the group velocity, which is also the wave-energy transport velocity, decreases with the reduction of water depth. Under stationary conditions, this decrease in transport speed must be compensated by an increase in energy density in order to maintain a constant energy flux.[1] Shoaling waves will also exhibit a reduction in wavelength while the frequency remains constant.
In shallow water and parallel depth contours, non-breaking waves will increase in wave height as the wave packet enters shallower water.[2] This is particularly evident for tsunamis as they wax in height when approaching a coastline, with devastating results.
-- Edited by admin on Wednesday 14th of March 2012 04:52:14 PM