Current turbine. In a similar way as offshore wind farms are becoming important energy production assets, submerged current turbines have been tested and installed successfully. Current turbines based on cocrete hulls like the one in the picture below can be an elegant solution. It would merley be changing the propeller blades to a much bigger version and change the engine with a generator. Access to the turbine for generator maintenance could be done by a tubular structure from the surface.
The installation could be made almost entirely submerged for little impact on ship traffic and no disturbance by weather and waves. The concrete hull allows a maintenance free service life of the turbine body of several decades - you can not achive that in steel - putting the whole turbine into a drydock for gritblasting is extremly expensive. This turbine can be towed to the anchor location like a submarine and get the turbine blades installed by divers.
There is a project in England (http://www.marineturbines.com/) which is commercial.
The basic problem of any steel structure in ocean conditions is that the service life of the structure is short due to corrosion and the need of a expensive and tight maintenance shedule.
The oil / gas industry is increasingly steering away from steel structures when it comes to platforms on the ocean. Projects like Ekofisk, Troll A, Heidrun, Nkossa, Adriatic LNG, Glomar Beaufort, show the way to maintenance free floating concrete structures in open ocean conditions with a maintenance free service life of 200 years.
The ocean ambient also introduces load cycles into a structure that are in the order of 1 mio cycles per year. This can lead to fatique in steel structures. Concrete structures are by far less suceptible to fatique.
The paper deals with the dynamic performance of a simply reinforced concrete tower built using prefabricated elements. The main uncertainty of this strategy stems from the possible cracking of the concrete and its implications on the stiffness, natural frequency and dynamic amplification of the tower. In 2006 an 80 m high prototype was built, supporting a 1.5 MW wind generator, carefully instrumented and test loaded to 80% of its design capacity. The prototype and installed instrumentation remained in operation for 3 years. Detailed calculations were carried out of the cracking induced in the concrete and its effects on the natural frequency of the tower, as a function of wind speed and orientation; the results were compared with the monitoring data. It is concluded that numerical modelling with Abaqus allowed good predictions and interpretations of the observed response of the tower. Also, simply reinforced concrete is shown to be a good option for high towers; if the structure is well designed, the natural frequency will not migrate to a point where its proximity to the forcing frequency will lead to unacceptable levels of the dynamic amplification.
Costain plans concrete base wind turbine revolution
Partners Costain, Hochtief and Arup have won Government funding to test a new design of concrete bases for large offshore wind turbines.
The Gravitas Offshore consortium hopes to use flask-shaped concrete gravity bases to anchor wind turbines, rather than deep monopiles in the the sea bed, opening a market worth up to £50bn and revitalising the concrete industry.
The mass-producible, self-floating concept is designed for large-scale wind turbines, substations and met-masts, to be installed at sites with water depths greater than 25m.
A £550,000 grant from Department of Energy and Climate Change will be used to demonstrate the cost-effectiveness of this approach against offshore installation of mono pile foundations, which has proved technically challenging.
In some cases grouting around the single deep pile foundation has shown signs of stress cracking.
Gravitas Offshore has also reached an advanced stage to commit to the construction of a demonstrator foundation for deployment in UK waters within the next two years.
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-- Edited by iooprus on Friday 10th of April 2020 08:34:02 PM
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Wow, this is really awesome looking turbine architecture I wish I have some high-quality photos of turbine technology If someone has that they can send men on New Orleans zip code US.
Already an on onshore roofing contractor based in Tustin, I would like to expand my business into the oceanic constructions as well. Would like to know what kind of roofs are better for floating homes, Metal Roofing, Asphalt Roofing, etc. Thank you.
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-- Edited by Steve Falc on Friday 30th of July 2021 09:47:21 PM
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